Apparatus for producing irregular surfaces by attrition



n. c. FISHER. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IRREGULAR SURFACES BY ATTRITION,

" Pamnted Mar. 30, 1920.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 4; 1915.

n. c. FISHER. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IRREGULAR SURFACES'BY ATTRITION.

I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 4| I915.

Patented Mar.

30, 1920. SHEET 2.

2 SHEETS- DANIEL C. FISHER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING IRREGULAR SURFACES BY ATTRITION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

Application filed March 4, 1915. Serial No. 12,007.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL C. FISHER, of Boston, in the county ofSuffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulApparatus for Producing Irregular Surfaces by Attrition, of which ducedupon a surface of lesser area which surface may overlap to greater orlesser degree the first produced surface. Themethod and apparatushereinafter described provides for shifting the article in a curved pathbetween the steps of preliminary finishing and the secondary finishing,all as" will be more fully hereinafter explained.

In the accompanying drawings I illustrate a preferred embodiment of myim provements in mechanism for carrying out the method of producing orfinishing flat,;

concave or convex surfaces by attrition. Of said drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of my. pre-.

cision mechanism.-

Fig. 2 is an elevation from the right of Fig. 1. i

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the middle portion of the machine'shownin Fig. 1, on

a larger scale, and with the fixtures or tools which. support and actupon the articles, adjusted laterally from the position shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 represents a section on line 4;4 of

- Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a detail .plan view of the hand control lever, other partsbeing shown in section.

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view of the wrist pin mounting.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the key employed for adjusting.

' Fig. 8 is a front elevation of parts shown at the lower portion ofFig. 1', on. a larger scale.

Fig. 9 represents a section on line 9--=-9 of Fig. 1, on a larger scale.

Fig. 10 represents a section on line 10-10 of Fig. 2. on a larger scale.I

Similar reference I characters similar parts in the different views.

The frame 12 of the machine is shown in the drawings as consisting of afiat vertically supported standard. but it is to be un derstood at theoutset that I do not limit myself to an arrangement or use of themachine or mechanism in the generally vertical position shown in thedrawings. For instance. obviously. the frame 12 and the spindleshereinafter described might be arranged horizontally.

I At the upper end of the frame is a journal or hearing 13. Near thelower end of the frame 12 is an aperture 14 (Fig. 9) in which is mounteda sleeve bearing 15. Mounted in sleeve bearing 15 is a sleeve 16indicate to the inner end of which is secured a plate 16 having waysfora slide 17 as clearly illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 8. The bore ofsleeve 16 provides a bearing 18 for a shaft 19 having a bevel gear 20 atone end.

Suitably secured tothe sleeve 16 is a hub of a lever 21, a collar 22being employed to hold the lever in position lengthwise of the Upon theend of the sleeve out- I side of the collar 22 is secured a bevel.

sleeve.

gear 23.

A vertical shaft 24 sometimes hereinafter referred to asthe centralpower shaft, is

mounted'in bearings 25, 26 carried by brackets secured to the frame12,said shaft having a bevel gear 27 near its lower end to mesh with thebevel gear 23. The bevel gear 27 may be secured directly to the shaft'24,but preferably it is carried by a sleeve splined upon said shaft ashereinafter explained.

At a point about midwayof the length of the frame 12 is secured abracket 29 having a bearing for a short horizontalshaft 30 carrying aWorm gear 31 the face of which is provided with a slotted rib or-guide32. (Figs. 1,2 and 6). :A worm 36 carried by the vertical shaft 21meshes with the worm gear 31.' The end 37 of the lever 21 has a stud 38provided with an aperture through which passes a link or rod 34:, theposition of the stud 38 lengthwise of the link 34 being secured and heldby means of a thumb screw 39. The other end of the link 34 ismountedupon a bushing {10 which in turn is mounted upon a wrist pin 11having a head at its inner end shdable along the slotof the rib 32. Bymeans of a washer 4:2 and a wing nut -13, the wrist pin and upperhorizontal shaft 48. O the shaft 418 is mounted a quill 419 having bevelgears 50, 51, a lever 52 pivoted at having a fork or yoke 54: engagingsaid quill which is, of course splined to the shaft 18, so'that theshaft 2i may be rotated in one direction or the other by simply shiftingthe gears 50. :31. The shaft 18 is provided with fast and loose pulleys55, 56, held on said shaft by a collar 57. The other end of the shaftlS'is provided with a bevel gear 58.

The upper end of the frame 12. or a portion of the bracket bearing 17.forms a swivel or pivotal bearing 59 for a plate 60 which lies againstone face of the upper portion of the frame 12 and is provided with areslots 61, 62 (Fig. 1) through which binding screws 63 pass into theframe whereby the plate may be swung to any desired angular position andsecured with the parts carried by said plate rigidly held in laterallyadjusted position such as indicated by comparing Figs. 1 and 3.

The plate 60 is provided with a vertical groove or slot 64: ofconsiderable length, said slot preferably terminating at the points 65,66 shown in Fig. 2.

A bracket 67 secured-to the upper portion of the plate 60 provides abearing for. a sleeve having abevel gear 68 meshing with the bevel gear58, a collar 69 holding said sleeve in proper position lengthwise of thebearing. Said sleeve and the gear 68 carried by it have a splinedconnection with the upper spindle 70 which is provided with a groove 71for such splined connection. A bracket 72 which is adjustably carriedbytho plate. 60 is connected to a clamping plate or nut 73 (Fig. 9) bymeans of a bolt 74. The plate 73 fits the groove or slot 64 in the plate60 and by means of the bolt 74 is caused to bind on portions of thewalls of said slot, so that said bracket 72 and the upper spindle can bevertically adjusted and confined. It may be explained at this point thatin the operation of the machine it isfrequently desirable that the upperspindle 70 shall be capable of considerable. vertical adjustment.:'While the upper hearing provided by bracket 67 may properly remain inthe position indicated in 2, it is desirable that the bearing providedby the lower bracket 72 may be shifted well down when the spindle 70 islowered.

As shown at the upper end of Fig. 9, a bushing 75 is screw threaded ina. vertical aperture in the bracket 72. A collar 76 is adjustablysecured to the spindle 7 0 above the bracket 72 (Fig. 2). The bushing 75is provided with radial pins or handles '77 by means of which it may berotated, the posi tion in which it is rotated being then held by meansof a set screw 78.

A lever 80, Figs. 1 and 5, is pivotally connected to a link 86 which inturn is pivotally connected to a bracket 87 carried by the frame 12. Thelever 80 has a ring shaped portion surrounding the spindle 70 and havingstuds 81 which engage a collar 82 loosely mounted upon the spindle 70between collars 81, 83 which are secured to said spindle.

Referring to Fig. 8 it will be seen that the slide 17 is provided with ascale 89 adapted to coiiperate as hereinafter described with a suitableindicating point.

-The upper end of the slide 17 carries a bracket 90 (Fig. 9) in which isscrew threaded a bushing 91 in which is mounted the upper end of thelower spindle 92, said spindle having a vertical groove for. .a

feather 93 carried by a bevel gear 94: mesh I ing with bevel gear 20 andmounted in a. bearing 95 carried by a bracketattached to the plate '16.

A structure which will be referred to as the table 96 is carried by theupper end of the lower spindle 92, said table having a tongue or ear 101(Fig. 9) entering'a recess provided in a fork 97 having a stem 98fitting a socket in the upper end of spin dle 92. A washer 99 is mountedupon the spindle 92 above the bushing 91. By means of a clamp screw 102,the table 96 may be adjusted in more or less tilted position, the ear101 of said table having graduations 101 to co-act with a suitableindication on the fork 97 as indicated in Fig. 8 to designate the angleor tilt.

The table 96 is recessed to receive the lower portion 107 of a holderhaving its upper surface 108 provided with a rib 109 within which is acavity 1'10. A gib against which set screws 106 bear, serves'to securethe holder 107 in the desired adjusted position longitudinally of therecess in the table 96. A terminal or work holder 113 has a stem 111fitting an aperture in the holder 107, a screw 112 (Fig. 8) passingthrough one end of the holder 107 and bean ing against the stem 111 tohold the fixture 113 in position.

As has been mentioned, the shaft 24 carries a bevel gear 27 near itslower end to mesh with the bevel gear 23. If there were only the bevelgear 27, the lower spindle 92, through the lower horizontal shaft andgearing, could be driven in but one direction when the shaft 24 isrotated in one direction. Preferably, however, in order that said lowerspindle 92 may be rotated in either direction without changing thedirection of rotation of shaft 24, I provide another bevel gear 114(Fig. 2 said pinion as well as the pinion 27 being carried by asleeve115 having a set screw 116 or other suitable means whereby either thepinion 27 or theplmon 114 may be operat-ively in mesh with the pinion23. The upper spindle 70 has a chuck 117 at its lower end (Figs. 1, 2and 9), said chuck having a stem 118 fitting and adapted to be suitablysecured in a recess in the lower end of said spindle. In thebottom ofthe recess or socket 119 of the chuck is a spring 120. The lower end ofthe socket in the chuck is screw-threaded to engage the threaded portion121 of a sleeve 123 having a flange 125 at its bottom.- An inner sleeve122 is held in the sleeve 123 by a suitably connected collar '124, saidinner sleeve having a flange 126.

A-steady pin 127 extends from the flange 125 into the flange 126. Ascrew 128 passes through the wall of the 'cl 117 and presses againsta'preferably recessed portion of the outer sleeve 123 to hold the latterin any position of adjustment which has been given thereto. A screw 130passes through the flange 126 and presses against the stem of a terminal131 which may be referred to as the working tool. The spring 120 normally holds the sleeve 122 with the collar 124 bearing on the upper endof the adjusting sleeve 123. The, spring 120, however, permits thesleeve 122 and'the tool 131 to yield so that the tool will bear with ayield ing pressure upon the work. By loosening the screw 128 androtating bushing 123 so as to lower it from the position .shown in Fig.9, the pressure of the spring 120 may be reduced. This structureprovides for varying the yielding pressure of the tool 131 upon the workcarried by the fixture 113.

A collar 132 (Figs. 1, 2 and 9)v loose on spindle 7 O rests upon theupper end of bushing 75, said collar 132 being provided toarrest'thecollar 76 when the upper spindle 70 is lowered by means of thelever 80.Ofcourse, during operation the spindle 70 isusually rotating andconsequently ,the-collar 76 also rotates. The loose collar 132, servesto prevent the collar 76'from bearing -di-' rectly upon the screwbushing 75.

To counterbalaficethe lever'80, a weight When the, machine is used invertical posi tion, it issometimes desirable to have it adslide 17 hasrack teeth 145 in one edge. The

way strips 146, 147 are secured to the slide 17 by screws 148, one ofsaid strips having a hole 149 through which a key 150 7) may beinserted, said key having one end provided with teeth to constitute apinion so that when the key is inserted through the hole 149 and engagedwith the rack teeth 145, the slide 17 maybe vertically adjusted, theposition of adjustment being then held by means of the screws 148 whichare tightened to cause the strips 146, 147 to bind the slide 17.

\Vhen the machine is in operation and the lower spindle 92 is beingoscillated through the gearing and the connections including the lever21, and link31, the radius of movement of the article that is supportedby the fixture 113 will be according to the distance, of said articlefrom the axis of oscillation of the sleeve 16. Assun'ling. for the sakeof explanation, that the article is a sphere, and

that the tool 131 is any kind of attrition de-.

vice, the radius of the curve of the surface produced or finished uponthe article will be more or less according to the height of the articleabove said axis of oscillation of the sleeve 16. If the radius is to beless, the lower spindle 92 is lowered by lowering the slide 17, or saidslide lnay be raised if the' radius is to'be greater. The upper spindleis, of course, vertically adjusted by means of the bolt 74 and plate 73to accord with the the plate {60, the'upper spindle 70 maybe shifted to-be more or less oblique as indi- 'cated by comparing Figs. 1 and and byadjusting the connections between the'lever 21 and the link rod 34, theoscillations of the lower spindle may occur either crossing a verticalline or more or less to one side of a vertical line. The amount ordegree of oscillation isadjusted by means of the radial at 'tachmentprovided, in the worm gear 31.

137 (Fig. 2) is employed, said weight being In brief, the .two spindlesmay operate while in alinement, or with either one of them more or lessout ofaline ment or oblique'relatiyely to theother.

The tool employed maybe either a grindingor a polishing tool or acutting tool, and

oscillating the lower spindle and having the article carried by thatspindle, the surface will be convex. By then adjusting the supports forthe lower spindle in the manner described so that the oscillations willtake place at one side of the line of alinement with the upper spindle,the two spindles being adjusted in the direction of their length to varythe radius, then, a lesser portion of the area previously formed orfinished may be operated upon to produce a surface having a curvaturevarying from the curvature of the first formed surface.

It will be seen that the working attrition face of the working tool 131is opposed to the work-supporting face of thework-holder 113, and is ina predetermined plane with relation to the center on which the axis of vthe rotary work-holder swings, so that various surface forms may bedeveloped on the article supported by the Work-holder, by successivelylocating the axis of the workholder substantially perpendicular to the'plane of said acting face, and in a position inclined relatively to saidplane, It will also be seen that the axis of the work-holder may be heldin'each position for a considerable period, or may be continuouslyoscillated during the entire working period.

Having now/described my invention and one way of carrying the same intopractice, although without attempting to illustrate or describeallpossible modifications or different modes of use, what I claim is:

1. A machine of the character stated, comprising a supporting frame, atool spindle, a.

work spindle, independent bearings for said spindles, means connectingone of said bearings with the frame, said means being oscil-v latable ona fixed center and permittinga sliding movement of the bearing towardand from said center, to oscillate the accompanying spindle and vary thedistance of its working end from its centen of oscillation, the otherbearing "being suitably connected with the framefmeans forlongitudinally adjusting the other spindle in its bearing to conform itsworking end to the working end of the oscillatory spindle, andmechanismfor simultaneously rotating said spindles and oscillating thefirst-mentioned bearing and its spindle.

2. A machine of thecharacte'r stated, comprising a supporting frame, atool spindle,

a work spindle, independent bearings for said spindles, one of 's'aidbearings being provided with a slide. a guide for said slideoscillatable on a fixed center on the frame, the bearing and its spindlebeing oscillatable with the guide, and the spindle being movable endwisewith the slide, the other bearing being suitably connected with theframe, means for longitudinally adjusting the other spindle in itshearings to conform-its working end to the working end. of theoscillatory spindle, and mechanism for simultaneously rotating saidspindles and oscillating the justing the other spindle in its bearing toconform its working end to the working end of the oscillatory spindle,and mechanism for simultaneously rotating said spindles and oscillatingthe first-mentionedbearing and its spindle, said mechanism includingselective means whereby the spindle which does not oscillate may berotated in either direction.

4. A machine of the character stated, comprising a supporting frame, atool spindle, a work spindle, independent bearings for said spindles,means connecting one of said bearings with the frame, said means beingoscillatable on a fixed center and permitting a slidingmovement of thebearing toward and from said center, to oscillate the accompanyingspindle, and vary the distance of its working end from its center ofoscillation, the other bearing being suitably connected with the frame,means for longitudinally adjusting the other spindle in its bearing toconform its working end to the working end of the oscillatory spindle,and mechanism for simultaneously rotating said spindies and oscillatingthe first-mentioned bearing' and its spindle, said mechanism includingselective means whereby each spindle may be rotated in either direction.

A machine of the character stated, comprising a supporting frame, a toolspindle,

- ward and from said center, to oscillate the accompanying spindle, andvary the distance of its workingend from its center of I oscillation,the other bearing being suitably connected with the frame, means forlongisaid spindles, means connecting one of said bearings with theframe, saidmeans being oscillatable on a fixed center and permitting asliding movement of the bearing towar and from said center, to oscillatethe accompanying spindle and vary vthe distance of its working endfromits center of oscillation, the other bearing being suitablyconnected withthe frame, means for longitudinally adjusting the otherspindle in its bearing to conform its working end to the working end ofthe oscillatory spindle, and mechanism for simultaneously rotating saidspindles and oscillating the first-mentioned bearing and its spindle,said spindles being provided at their adjacent ends with workingterminals one of which is a work holder and the other a tool holder.

7. A machine of the character stated, comprising a supporting frame, awork spindle, independent bearings for said spindles, means connectingone of said bearings with the frame, oscillatable on a fixed center andpermitting a sliding movement of the bearing. toward and from saidcenter, to oscillate the ac companyingspindle and vary the distance ofits working end from its center of oscillation, the other bearing beingsuitablyconnected-withthe frame, means for longitudinally adjusting the,other spindle in its hearing to-conform its working end to the workingend ofthe oscillatory spindle, and mechanism for simultaneously rotatingsaid spindles and oscillat' the first-mentioned bearing and its spin 1e,said spindles being provided with duplicate terminal-engaging means'attheir adjacent ends, adapted toengage interchangeable terminals, one ofwhich is a work holder, and the holder.

'8. A machine of the character stated, comprising a rotary tool spindle,having a working'tool with its acting face which is transverse to theaxis of rotation of face which is opposed to the acting face andbearings thereon for said spindles,'the bearings of one or .both ofthe-spindles-being pivotally connected with the, provided with'meansfor' maintaining the a tool spindle,

said means being other a tool spindles, said power shaft,torque-transmitting mechanism the spindle, a rotary work spin'dlehavinga work-holder with a work-supporting of the tool and is transverse'tothe axis of. the work spindle, supporting mechanism including aframeframe and;

- movable.

spindles in substantial'alinement with each other and for inclining onesp1ndle relatively to the other, and driving mechanism including meansfor oscillating one of said spindles while the same is rotating. 9. Amachine of the character stated, comprising a rotary tool spindle,having a working tool with an acting face, Whlch 1s transverse to theaxis of rotation of the spindle, a rotary work spindle having a rotarywork-holder with a work-supporting face which is opposed to the actingface of the tool and is transverse to the axis of the work spindle,supporting mechanism including a frame and bearings thereon for saidspindles, said mechanism including spindles, said means including acentral power shaft, torque-transmittmg mechanism connecting saidspindles with said shaft, a worm on said shaft, a Worm gear meshing withsaid worm and provided with a guide, a pitman adjustably engaged withsaid guide, and a lever ad ustably connected with said pitma-n andoscillatable thereby, said lever being connected with said oscillatorysupport to oscillate the latter.

11. In combination, a rotatable blankcarrying spindle, arotatable'tool-carrying spindle, an oscillatory support for one of saidspindles, and means for rotating both spindles, said means including acentral power shaft, torque-transmitting mechanism connecting saidspindles with said shaft, and connections between said shaft andoscillatory support for oscillating the latter.

12. In combination, a rotatable blankcarrying spindle, a-rotatabletool-carrying said spindles,-

means. including a central connecting said spindles with said shaft, aworm onv said shaft, a worm gearin meshing with said worm and providedwit a guide, a pitman adjustably engaged with said guide, a leveradjustably connected with said pit'man. and oscillatable thereby, and anoscillatory sleeve secured to said 1ever and rovided with a guide onwhich said 'osci atorysupport is longitudinally 13. In combination, arotatable blankcarrying spindle, a rotatable tool-carrying spindle, anoscillatory support for one of said spindles, and means for rotatingboth spindles, said means including a central power shaft,torque-transmitting mechanism connecting said spindles with said shaft,and connections between said shaft and oscillatory support foroscillating the latter, said torque-transmitting mechanism having meansfor rotating one or both of said spindles in either direction.

ll. In combination, a rotatable blankcarrying spindle, a rotatabletoolcarrying spindle, an oscillatory supportfor one of said spindles,and means for rotating both spindles, said means including a centralpower shaft, torque-transmitting mechanism connecting said spindles withsaid shaft, an oscillatory sleeve provided with a guide on which saidoscillatory support is longitudinally movable, and connections betweensaid shaft and sleeve for oscillating the latter, said support beinggraduated to detern line the radial diameter of the curvature of theWork being performed.

15, In combination, a rotatable blankcarrying spindle, a rotatabletool-carrying spindle, an oscillatory support for one of said spindles,and means for rotating both spindles, said means including a centralpower shaft,torque-transmitting mechanism connecting said spindles withsaid shaft, an oscillatory sleeve provided with a guide on which saidoscillatory support is longitudi-- nally movable, and connectionsbetween said shaft and sleeve for oscillating the latter, said supporthaving rack teeth adapted to engage a manually operable gear lever forthe adjustment of the support.

.15. In coinhinat-ion, a rotatable blankcarrying spindle, a rotatabletool-carrying v spindle, an oscillatory support for one of the spindles,an adjustable support for the other of the spindles for holding saidother spindle in positions at Tarying angles with respect to the axis ofthe first spindle, means tion, means for axially adjusting both spin- Idles, means for rotating both spindles, and means for oscillating theoscillatory support for one of the spindles, and means for accurateadjustment of said oscillating spindle. In testimony whereof I haveailixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

DA NIEL C. FISHER. Witnesses:'

A. K-Hsnmson, Many A. FISHER.

